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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an optical structure (100) for a lighting device (1) of a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting device (1) is adapted to emit light, which light emitted by the lighting device (1) forms a predetermined light distribution (LV1) the optical structure (100) of the illumination device (1) is assigned in such a way or part of the illumination device (1) is that the optical structure (100) of substantially the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is irradiated, and wherein the optical structure (100) consists of a multiplicity of optical structure elements (110), which structural elements (110) have a light-scattering effect, and which optical structure elements (100) are formed in such a way - produced by the illumination device (1) , unmodified light distribution (LV1) - from the optical structure (100) to a predefinable, modified Lichtverteil (LV2), and wherein the optical structure elements (110) have a quadrangular base surface (202), ie that the surface (202) between the vertices (201) of a quadrangular grid (200) is completely separated from the base surface of exactly one optical structure element (110) is covered.
    公开号:AT514785A1
    申请号:T50543/2013
    申请日:2013-09-03
    公开日:2015-03-15
    发明作者:Andreas Moser；Dietmar Kieslinger；Josef Pürstinger
    申请人:Zizala Lichtsysteme Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Optical structure with a microstructure with square scattering function
    The invention relates to an optical structure for a lighting device of a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting device is designed to emit light, which forms a predetermined light distribution by the light emitted by the lighting device.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a lighting device for a vehicle headlight with such an optical structure.
    Moreover, the invention relates to a vehicle headlamp with at least one such lighting device.
    According to the legal regulations, light distributions of vehicle headlights have to meet a number of requirements.
    For example, according to ECE and SAE, above the bright-dark line (HD line) - outside the primary illuminated area - minimum and maximum light intensities are required in certain regions. These act as "Signlight". and enable the illumination of overhead signposts when illuminated by passing vehicles. The luminous intensities used are usually above the usual scattered light values but far below the luminous intensities below the HD line. The required light values must be achieved with the lowest possible glare effect. "Sign Light " is usually realized by special facets in the projection lens (size at least a few millimeters) or by discrete, small elevations. The disadvantage of this is in particular that these structures are perceptible from the outside as bright points of light and thus increasingly rejected, especially for design reasons. In addition, such devices are tuned to the underlying optical system - if changes are made, the desired function is no longer ensured.
    Furthermore, for legal reasons, blurred chiaroscuro boundaries are necessary so that HD lines are not rendered too sharp or too blurry, i. The maximum sharpness of the HD line is defined by law. Such blurring of the HD line results in the driver's HD line being called " softer " and subjectively more pleasant.
    The quantification of this HD transition occurs through the maximum of a gradient along a vertical section through the light-dark boundary. For this, the logarithm of the illuminance is calculated at measuring points in 0.1 ° intervals and their difference is formed, whereby the gradient function is obtained. The maximum of this function is called the gradient of the HD boundary. Since this definition reproduces the human perception of brightness only in an inaccurate manner, differently perceived HD lines can have the same measured gradient value or different gradients can be measured in the case of similar-looking HD lines.
    Gradient softening is usually done by changing the lens surface, a lens of a lighting device. According to the state of the art, various solutions are in use: by statistical roughening of the lens surface, for example, a softer HD limit can be achieved, but this leads to the impression of oncoming road users. In other variants, a modulation (for example superposition of two sine waves, small depressions in the form of spherical sections, etc.) is applied to the lens surface. Such solutions are strongly dependent on the luminous flux distribution through the lens, changes in this respect, for example by variation of the lighting technique, then have a strong and partly negative effect on the generated luminous flux distribution.
    Another topic is the generation of segmented light distributions. Such as for example in the generation of dynamic light distributions, such as a dynamic high beam distribution, used. In particular embodiments, such a dynamic light distribution is built up from a number of individual light distributions. For example, with individual light sources to which one optical attachment is assigned in each case a small segment is generated in the light image, the superposition of these light segments then results in the total light distribution. By switching off individual light sources, individual segments in the light image can be switched off, ie not illuminated. The segments are usually arranged in rows and columns.
    In principle, it is possible to image the individual light segments with sharp boundary edges and to take measures such that adjacent light segments directly adjoin one another. This has the advantage that in "full light" operation, i. Upon activation of all light segments, no dark areas ("grids") can be seen between the light segments. The drawback, however, is that when one or more light segments are switched off, the light distribution in these areas has a sharp light-dark boundary, which is perceived as unpleasant and in addition leads to rapid fatigue.
    Another approach is not to let the light segments directly adjoin one another. A problem with such light distributions has been found to naturally result in undesired light effects in the region of the adjoining segments, in particular brightness fluctuations in this region which manifest themselves in a visible lattice structure, which are unpleasant for a vehicle driver can be felt.
    In addition, in this case, there is still the problem of the sharp light-dark limit as a rule.
    The described disadvantages of the prior art should be eliminated. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a refractive optical component with which a light image can be realized that meets the legal requirements and at the same time is not perceived as disturbing.
    This object is solved according to the invention with an optical structure mentioned in the introduction in such a way that the optical structure of the illumination device is allocated or is part of the illumination device such that the optical structure of substantially all of the luminous flux of the illumination device is radiated through, and the optical structure consists of a multiplicity of optical structural elements, which structural elements have a light-scattering effect, and which optical structural elements are designed such that the unmodified light distribution generated by the illumination device is modified from the optical structure to a predefinable, modified light distribution, and wherein the optical Structural elements have a quadrangular base, that is, the area between the vertices of a quadrangular
    Grid is completely covered by the base of exactly one optical structural element.
    The square footprint of the optical features is bounded by even sides, i. two adjacent vertices of the base of an optical Strukturelemen¬tes are each connected to a straight side. This statement refers to a "flat" Grid, as explained briefly below: It can usually be assumed that the optical structure is applied to an optical base structure, i. it is based on an unmodified surface, for example a smooth, flat cover plate or a lens surface, for example, the flat light entry surface or the curved light exit surface. In a planar basic structure, the grid is a planar, two-dimensional grid in which the structural elements are arranged with their flat, quadrangular bases.
    In the case of a curved surface, the calculation of the structural elements and their arrangement is based on a flat surface, that is to say on a flat grid and structural elements with a flat quadrangular base surface with straight sides. This plane grid is then projected onto the curved surface of the basic structure, so that the "actual". Grid in this case is no longer flat and on the curved basic structure, the base surfaces of the structural elements are also no longer flat but curved, the four-sided bordering the base are also curved.
    In practice, this distinction is of little importance, since the optical Struktur¬ elements are so small that in the region of a structural element, the curved surface can be assumed alseben.
    Thus, if in connection with a curved basic structure of a quadrilateral, etc. With straight sides, this refers to the projection of this curved surface into a plane. About the "level" described above; Surface is thus aufge¬ spans a two-dimensional grid, each 4 grid points form a grid cell. Such a grid cell is occupied by an optical structure element. The "floor area" corresponds to the surface of the planar grid cell, the optical structure element itself has this quadrangular base, the actual surface of the structural element has a positive or negative distance (or even in areas at a distance zero) to this base.
    Essence of the invention is that the fact that the grid is quadrangular and the base surface of the structural element occupies the entire surface of a grid cell, the entire surface of the "basic structure". for the modification of the light distribution can be used. In a hexagonal lattice with circular structural elements, where also already a very high surface filling of about 90% is achieved with the structural elements, nevertheless, a small proportion of the base area of about 10% remains unmodified and does not contribute to the modification of the light image.
    An applicant's co-pending patent application describes an optical structure mentioned at the outset, which is formed from optical structure elements which have a circular base and are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. With such a hexagonal arrangement, about 91% of this area can be covered with structural elements on the curved interface of a lens, and about 9% of the lens surface remains uncovered. When imaging sharply limited light segments with such a lens, e.g. With rectangular light segments, these uncovered areas of the lens surface lead to sharp imaging of the edges of the light segments and thus to inhomogeneities in the light image.
    With the present arrangement, in which the lens surface is 100% covered with the structural elements, a homogeneous light image can also be generated with sharply delimited light segments, which are imaged with the lens in an area in front of the vehicle.
    Due to the quadrangular shape of the base surface of the structural elements, which preferably correspond in symmetry to the symmetry of the light segments, the corner regions between four light segments can be optimally illuminated, which is not possible with structural elements having a circular base.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the modified light distribution by folding the unmodified light distribution with a
    Scattering function is formed, and wherein the optical structure is formed such that the unmodified light distribution is modified according to the scattering function.
    Thus, according to the invention, the entire optical structure is considered, and this is accordingly modified or shaped via a scattering function such that the completely desired desired light image results. Unlike in the prior art, where, for example, different structural elements are used on an optical structure to produce the gradient softening and Signlight or some of the existing structural elements are additionally modified, according to the present invention, the desired (modified) light distribution, starting from an unmodified decorated, with the lighting device without optical structure generated light distribution, realized in that the unmodified light distribution is folded with such a scattering function that gives the desired light distribution, and the optical structure in their entirety is then shaped so that they the entire luminous flux of Beleuch¬ modified such that results from the unmodified light distribution of the scattering function correspondingly modified light distribution.
    It is preferably provided that the structural elements are distributed over at least one, preferably exactly one, defined surface of at least one, preferably exactly one, optical element.
    It is particularly advantageous if the optical structural elements are formed in such a way that each structural element modifies the light beam passing through the structural element in accordance with the scattering function to form a modified light beam.
    Considering a particular (unmodified) light beam from the entire luminous flux, this forms a certain contribution to the light distribution in the light image (the total luminous flux generates the (total) light distribution). A structural element then modifies a light beam passing through the structural element such that the unmodified contribution is changed to the total light distribution corresponding to the scattering function. For example, the unmodified light beam produces a light distribution contribution having a certain shape, i. certain areas are illuminated on the lane or on a screen, other areas are unlit. The structure element now also illuminates areas outside the originally illuminated area with a certain intensity in accordance with the scattering function, while the intensity is reduced at least in parts of the area originally illuminated with the unmodified light bundle after the total luminous flux remains constant.
    In accordance with the symmetry of light segments to be modified with the optical structure, in an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the base area of each optical structure element is in each case formed by a rectangle.
    In principle, it may also be possible, according to the application, for both rectangular and quadratic optical structural elements to be used together, but preferably all optical structural elements have identical base areas, both in terms of shape and preferably also in terms of dimensions.
    It can also be provided that the base area of each optical structure element is formed in each case by a square.
    The optical structure elements are thus arranged in a rectangular, preferably quadrati¬ grid, wherein each one structural element occupies the entire area between four vertices formed by the grid points.
    With rectangular, in particular square structural elements, it is possible to realize a rectangular or square scattering function by means of which, in particular, the "crossing regions". can be optimally illuminated by four adjacent light segments in order to increase the homogeneity of the light image.
    In a specific, preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the optical structural elements have in their center a central elevation with a preferably circular base.
    The circular shape of the base in turn refers to the projection of the defined area on which the optical structure elements are arranged into a plane.
    Preferably, in order to achieve complete coverage of the defined area, it is provided that the base of the central elevation extends to the four boundary sides of the quadrangular base area.
    Among other things for the production of advantage it is when the central elevation over its entire surface has a steady course. In addition, the scattering properties can be better adjusted in this way.
    In the case of a desired symmetrical scattering function, provision is made for the central elevation to have its maximum distance from the base surface in the geometric center of its base surface.
    Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the central elevation has its minimum distance to the base area at its circumference.
    In particular, it is provided that the minimum distance of the circumference of the circle to the base surface is equal to zero.
    Furthermore, in the case of a concrete embodiment, in particular in the case of the above-described specific embodiment, it is further provided that the structural elements have in their corner regions a corner region elevation, which each is formed by a side surface of a pyramid-like elevation.
    The pyramid-like elevations make it possible to install a circular microstructure, ie a microstructure (optical structural element) with a circular base, into a rectangular, in particular square grid, and thus 100% degree of coverage of the defined area on which the optical system Structure is arranged to reach.
    It is advantageously provided that all structural elements lying at a corner point of the grid contribute to the pyramid-like elevation.
    The four side surfaces of the structural elements lying at a lattice point thus together form the pyramid-like elevation. This pyramid-like elevation is limited by four, preferably symmetrically arranged around the grid point vertices. These corner points each lie on a boundary side of a structural element participating in the elevation, wherein the corner points preferably lie exactly in the half of these boundary sides.
    Adjacent vertices of the pyramidal elevation are interconnected by curved, insbeson¬dere inwardly curved or inwardly bent boundary sides.
    With regard to the symmetry, it is particularly advantageous if the tip of a pyramid-like elevation lies exactly above a lattice point of the lattice.
    Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the optical structure elements are each formed symmetrically with respect to their diagonal, in particular mirror-symmetrical.
    In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that in a section through a pyramidal elevation along a plane normal to the base along a diagonal, the corner elevations have a substantially linear increase.
    In addition, it can be provided that, in a section through a pyramidal elevation along a plane normal to the base area along a boundary side, the corner area elevations have a substantially concave course.
    Finally, it is advantageously provided that the central survey and the corner surveys constantly merge.
    In this way, it is much easier to produce the optical structures, which makes it possible to mold the surfaces more easily, for example in an injection molding process, than non-continuous surfaces.
    In general, with the circular structure, each individual light segment is somewhat blurred, in particular in the region of its sharp boundary edges. Due to the fact that the entire base area of optical structural elements is occupied as a result of the 100% area filling, the boundary edges are no longer completely sharply imaged. With the pyramidal elevations, the area between four adjacent light segments can additionally be optimally illuminated, so that in all areas zwi¬ When the light segments are switched off, a homogenous distribution of light results, but when one (or more) light segments (s) are switched off, the blanked area is imaged sufficiently sharply, but with a blurred boundary side, so that it is not perceived as disturbing.
    In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the optical structure is arranged on at least one, preferably exactly one interface of an optical element which is formed in the form of a diffusing screen or in the form of a cover plate of the lighting device.
    The above-mentioned "defined area " is thus on this at least one, vorzugs¬weise exactly one interface of an optical element, which is designed as a diffuser or Abdeckscheibe.
    In another embodiment, the optical structure is arranged on at least one surface of an optical element in the form of a lens, in particular a projection lens of the illumination device.
    The "defined area " thus lies on a surface of a lens.
    Preferably, the optical structure is arranged on the light exit side of the lens.
    The optical structure is thus preferably arranged on the curved light exit surface of the lens, preferably the projection lens.
    It is particularly advantageous if the structural elements of the optical structure are distributed over the entire at least one surface of an optical element.
    The "defined area " is thus formed by the entire surface or interface of the Optik¬elementes.
    Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if all structural elements are designed essentially identically.
    Each structural element modifies the luminous flux passing through it in an identical way as all other structural elements. "Essentially " identical here means that in the case of a flat surface on which the structural elements are arranged, they are actually formed identically.
    In the case of curved surfaces, the structural elements in the central region are identically formed, while the curvature of the surface may (marginally) differ from the edge regions of different structural elements.
    In a concrete embodiment, it is accordingly provided that all the structural elements are identical in relation to a plane or flat imaginary surface.
    Accordingly, the structural elements are calculated for a flat surface; If these as-yet-identical, identical structural elements-with identical orientation-are placed on a curved surface, for example, of a lens, then, as already mentioned above, the structural elements are still identically formed in their central region; However, in the transition regions to the original lens surface to which the structural elements are applied, the structural elements have a different shape depending on the position on the lens surface due to the curvature of the lens surface, but with little or no effect on the light distribution due to the small size of the structural elements ,
    Furthermore, it is advantageous if all structural elements are aligned identically.
    For a flat defined area this requires no further explanation. For curved surfaces (example: lens), the structural elements are identically arranged along axes through the surface, which axes are all parallel to an axis of symmetry or to an optical axis of the surface (and not normal to the surface normal).
    This has particular manufacturing advantages, since the optical structure and the tool for producing the structure can be easily removed in this way, which can not form undercuts on the optical structure.
    Optimally, an optical structure according to the invention can be produced if the scattering function (PSF) is a point-spread function.
    Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the symmetry of a structural element depends on the symmetry of the scattering function PSF. The structural element has i.A. the same symmetry class as the PSF. For example, if the PSF is horizontally mirror-symmetrical, then the structural element also has a horizontal mirror symmetry.
    Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the dimension of a structural element, for example a diameter and / or a height of the structural element, is larger, in particular much larger than the wavelength of visible light, so that diffraction effects can be avoided.
    In particular, it is advantageously provided that the height of the structural elements is in the gm range.
    For example, the height of the structural elements is in the range of 0.5-5 gm, wherein preferably the height of the structural elements is in the range of 1-3 gm.
    In a specific embodiment, the height of the structural elements is approximately 2.7 gm.
    Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, e.g. in variants with the heights described above, it is provided that the diameter or a length of the structural elements lies in the millimeter range.
    For example, the diameter or a length of the structural elements between 0.5 -2 mm, preferably the diameter or a length of the structural elements is about 1mm.
    In an exemplary embodiment of a lens on which the structural members are arranged, the diameter of the lens is 90 mm.
    An optical structure is simple in manufacture if the defined area on which the structural elements are distributed is subdivided into an imaginary, preferably regular grid structure, and wherein the structural elements are arranged at the grid points or between the grid points of the grid structure.
    Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous also with regard to an optimal optical effect of the optical structure, since this allows the optical effect of the optical structure to be optimally adjusted.
    The "regularity" The structure is in a curved optical surface, on which the optical structure is arranged to see in relation to a projection of this defined area in a plane, wherein - due to the small lattice spacings - the lattice even with a curved defined areas in the region of adjacent lattice points can just be considered.
    It is preferably provided that exactly one structural element is arranged at each grid point or between the grid points of the grid structure.
    In addition, it can be provided that adjacent structural elements overlap each other, i. are arranged touching each other or the structural elements are isolated from each other, i. are arranged not touching each other.
    In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that adjacent grid points have a spacing of approximately 0.5-2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm from one another.
    Optically, it is optimal if the transition of the structural elements to the defined surface is continuous, preferably C2 continuous, ie. done with continuous tangents.
    Particularly suitable is an optical structure described above for an illumination device, which is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution, in particular a low-beam light distribution, wherein the dimmed light distribution, in particular the low-beam distribution a light-dark boundary In accordance with the invention, the optical structure, in particular the structural elements, is or are designed in such a way that the gradient of the light-dark boundary of the - unmodified - light distribution of the illumination device is reduced.
    The "softness " of the transition, as described in detail in DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 and repeated here in extracts, is described horizontally by the maximum of the gradient along a vertical section through the light-dark boundary at -2.5 °. For this purpose, the logarithm of the illuminance is calculated at 0.1 ° vertically apart measuring points and their difference is formed, whereby one receives the so-called gradient function. The maximum of the gradient function is called the gradient of the light-dark boundary. The larger this gradient, the sharper the chiaroscuro transition. The vertical position of the maximum of this function also describes the location at which the so-called chiaroscuro boundary is detected, that is, the location that the human eye uses as the boundary line between "bright" and "bright". and "dark " perceives (about -0.5 ° vertical).
    A lighting device produces - without optical structure according to the invention - a Abblendlichtverteilung with a light-dark boundary with a certain sharpness beschrie¬ben by the so-called "gradient". By providing an optical structure according to the invention, this - unmodified - light distribution is modified such that the sharpness of the cut-off line is reduced, so that it meets the legal requirements and is perceived as pleasant by the human eye.
    Likewise, an optical structure according to the invention is advantageous for an illumination device, which illumination device is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution, in particular a dimming light distribution, the dimmed light distribution, in particular the dimming light distribution, being a light Dark boundary, wherein according to the invention, the optical structure, in particular the structural elements is / are formed or the scattering function is designed such that a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device is imaged in a range above the cut-off.
    In this way, with the optical structure according to the invention, an initially described signlight can be generated in an optimum manner in which, for example, each optical structure element deflects a small portion of the luminous flux passing through the structural element into a corresponding region.
    In particular, it is advantageous that, with an optical structure according to the invention, both the gradient of the light-dark boundary can be set and a signal light can be generated. In the prior art, two optical structures are necessary for this, with a first structure for producing one of the two optical "effects". a second structure is superimposed, which has the second optical "effect". generated. In the case of the optical structure according to the invention, this is achieved by a structure consisting of substantially identical structural elements which are used for "realization". a scattering function are formed as described above.
    In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the luminous flux deflected by the optical structure lies in a range between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °, above the HH line.
    In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that 0.5% -1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device is deflected by the optical structure into a region above the cut-off line.
    An optical structure according to the invention is furthermore advantageous for an illumination device, which illumination device is set up to image the light emitted by it in the form of individual light distributions mapped in n rows and m columns, where n > 1, m > 1 or n > 1, m > 1, and which individual light distributions form a common overall light distribution, for example a high beam distribution, whereby it is provided according to the invention that the optical structure, in particular the structural elements, is / are designed in such a way that the scattering function is designed in such a way that diverting a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device into the boundary regions in which two individual light distributions adjoin one another.
    The "construction" An overall light distribution from single light distributions has the advantage that e.g. As described above, by hiding individual light segments (Einzellichtverteilun¬ gene) certain areas can be hidden. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the individual light distributions are bordered comparatively sharp, which, however, entails the disadvantage that an optical lattice structure can form, with dark or darkened areas between the light segments, which can be perceived as optically unpleasant and u.U. legally not allowed.
    With the invention, it is possible in a simple manner to emit sufficient light in these dark or darkened areas between the light segments, so that this grid structure is no longer visible.
    In particular, this is advantageous if adjacent individual light distributions of the unmodified light distribution have a defined spacing or defined distances from one another.
    In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the individual light distributions of the unmodified light distribution, in particular in the case of a projection onto a vertical plane, have a rectangular or square shape.
    In particular, it is provided that all distances between adjacent individual light distributions in the horizontal direction are identical.
    Furthermore, it may alternatively or preferably additionally be provided that all distances between adjacent individual light distributions in the vertical direction are identical.
    In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the individual light distributions have a width and / or a height of approximately 1 °.
    Typically, the distance between two adjacent single light distributions is less than 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °.
    For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is less than or equal to 0.2 °.
    For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.
    Furthermore, it can also be provided that the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is less than or equal to 0.1 °.
    In a specific embodiment, the average light intensity in a gap between two single light distributions generated with the luminous flux intended for single light distribution corresponds to half the average light intensity in an adjacent single light distribution of the modified light distribution, so that the total light intensity associated with Light, which is intended for the two adjacent individual light distributions, substantially corresponds to the light intensity of the individual light distributions of the modified light distribution.
    Preferably, the light intensity in all single light distributions is substantially identical, and advantageously the intensity in the single light distributions is substantially homogeneous over the entire area of the single light distribution.
    As already mentioned above, it is of particular advantage if, due to the optical structure, part of that luminous flux which exclusively produces a single-light distribution without optical structure, into the column regions framing this single-light distribution, which result from the spacing of the individual light distributions relative to one another , is distracted.
    The dark edge regions around the individual light distributions are thus illuminated exclusively with light from individual light distributions adjacent to these edge regions, so that when single individual light distributions are switched off, the switched off regions in the overall light image still appear to be dark and not "out" by stray light. other individual light distributions are illuminated.
    It is preferably provided that, starting from a considered individual light distribution, the light intensity decreases in an adjacent gap in the direction of the adjacent single light distribution, the decrease preferably being linear.
    After a gap is illuminated with a part of the light which is intended for the two adjoining individual light distributions (part of the light of four individual light distributions in the intersection region of the columns), a result is obtained, in particular for a linear progression of the intensity approximately constant light intensity over the entire gap.
    In particular, it is provided that the light intensity decreases to zero.
    In addition, it is advantageously provided that the light intensity in a gap, immediately adjacent to the edge of the individual light distribution under consideration, essentially corresponds to the light intensity of the single light distribution of the modified light distribution at its edge. corresponds to the average light intensity in the single light distribution of the modified light distribution.
    In general, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or formed in such a way that essentially the entire, preferably the entire luminous flux of the illumination device impinges on the optical structure.
    In this way, the entire luminous flux can be used for the modification of the original light distribution.
    In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or designed such that it is substantially homogeneously illuminated.
    Finally, the invention also relates to a lighting device with at least one, preferably exactly one of the optical structures described above.
    For example, the lighting device is a projection system.
    In this case, it is preferably provided that the illumination device comprises at least one light source, at least one reflector and at least one lens, in particular a projection lens, and it is preferably provided that the at least one optical structure is arranged on the lens and / or an additional cover or diffuser surface.
    However, it can also be provided that the lighting device is a reflection system.
    It is advantageous if the lighting device comprises at least one free-form reflector and at least one light source and at least one lens and / or at least one cover, and advantageously wherein the at least one optical structure on the at least one lens and / or the at least one cover disc and / or an additional cover or lens is arranged.
    In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this shows
    Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a projection module according to the prior
    Technology,
    Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a reflection module according to the prior
    Technology,
    3 is a schematic representation of a projection module with an inventive optical structure on the outside of a lens,
    4 shows a schematic representation of a reflection module with an optical structure according to the invention on the outside of a covering or diffusing screen,
    5 is a schematic representation of a projection module with an inventive optical structure on an additional optical elements such as a disc,
    6 shows a schematic illustration of a reflection module with an optical structure according to the invention on an additional optical element such as a pane,
    7 shows a "conventional", unmodified low-beam distribution produced by a lighting device according to the prior art,
    Fig. 7a individual, with areas of a lighting device according to the prior
    Technology generated light spots,
    FIG. 7b shows a larger number of light spots, as shown in FIG. 7a,
    8 shows a modified low-beam light distribution produced by a lighting device with an optical structure according to the invention,
    8a the light spots of FIG. 7a modified according to a scattering function for combined gradient softening and generation of a signlight, FIG.
    8b, the light spots of Figure 7b, modified according to the scattering function,
    9 shows a lens with an optical structure in a three-dimensional view, a detail from the lens in an enlarged representation, and further an enlarged detail of the already enlarged detail,
    10 a hexagonal lattice structure,
    11 shows the lattice structure from FIG. 10, occupied by optical structural elements with a circular base, FIG.
    FIG. 12 shows the optical structure from FIG. 11 in an enlarged view in FIG
    Area of an optical structural element,
    13 shows a hexagonal arrangement of optical structural elements (microstructures) with a circular base and a light distribution generated therewith in a schematic principle representation,
    Fig. 14 is a light distribution constructed of square light segments, and their
    Illustration about an optical structure as shown in FIG. 13
    15 shows a lattice structure on a defined surface on which optical structure elements of an optical structure according to the invention are arranged,
    FIG. 16 shows the grid from FIG. 15 in the region of an optical structural element together with directly adjacent structural elements in a view from above, FIG.
    17 shows the detail from FIG. 16 in a perspective view,
    18 is a section along the line A-A of Figure 16,
    19 is a section along the line B-B of Figure 16,
    FIG. 20 shows purely schematically the effects of a structural element with a square base area on a light distribution, FIG.
    FIG. 21 shows an unmodified light distribution made up of square Lichtseg¬ elements and the image of this light distribution forming luminous flux by means of an optical structure with square structural elements, and
    22 shows the schematic profile of the light intensity in an unmodified and a modified light distribution.
    In the following, reference will first be made to FIGS. 1-6, which show, without restricting the subject of the invention, principal possibilities of arranging an optical structure according to the invention. An optical structure according to the invention can also be used in other than the illumination devices for motor vehicles illustrated here.
    Figure 1 shows schematically a lighting device 1 in the form of a projection system, comprising a reflector 2, a light source 3, an (optional) shutter assembly 4 and a projection lens 5, with a curved outside 5a and a plane inside 5b.
    FIG. 2 shows schematically an illumination device 1 in the form of a reflection system, with a reflector 2, a light source 3 and a scattering or cover disc 6, the reference numerals 6 a and 6 b denote the outside and the inside of the disc 6.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the projection system from FIG. 1, wherein an optical structure 100 according to the invention is arranged on the outside of a lens 5. This optical structure 100 preferably occupies the entire outside 5a of the lens 5.
    FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the reflection module from FIG. 2 with an optical structure 100 according to the invention on the outside of the cover or diffuser screen 6, wherein the optical structure preferably occupies the entire outside of the pane 6.
    FIG. 5 again shows a schematic representation of a projection module 1 as shown in FIG. 1, with an optical structure 100 according to the invention on an additional
    Optical elements such as a disc, wherein the optical element between the aperture 4 and the lens 5 is arranged.
    Finally, FIG. 6 also shows a schematic illustration of a reflection module from FIG. 2 having an optical structure 100 according to the invention on an additional optical element, such as a pane, which is arranged between the light source 3 and the scattering or cover pane 6.
    As already mentioned, these illustrations merely serve to illustrate some of the possibilities of arranging an optical structure 100 according to the invention. In principle, a lighting device can also have a plurality of light sources, for example LEDs as light sources, and the light-shaping body can be in the form of one or more light guides, reflectors , etc. be formed.
    In general, the optical structure 100 is assigned to the illumination device 1 or is part of the illumination device 1 such that the optical structure 100 is irradiated by substantially the entire (or the entire optically relevant) luminous flux of the illumination device 1.
    In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or designed such that it is homogeneously illuminated. For the calculation of the optical structure in this case, it can be easily deduced from the scattering function which fraction of the total area should break as strongly.
    FIG. 7 schematically shows a "conventional", unmodified low-beam distribution LV1, as is produced, for example, with a known lighting device 1 according to the prior art shown in FIG. The low-beam distribution LV1 has a light-dark boundary HD1, which in the case shown has an asymmetrical course.
    FIG. 7a shows, for better illustration of the effect of an optical structure 100 according to the invention, individual light spots removed from the light distribution LV1, FIG. 7b shows an even greater number of such light spots.
    Referring now to FIG. 8, this shows a modified light distribution LV2, wherein this modified light distribution LV2 is produced by modifying the original light distribution through the optical structure 100. The modified light distribution LV2 results from folding the unmodified light distribution LV1 with a scattering function PSF, the optical structure 100 being designed such that the unmodified light distribution LV1 is modified to the new light distribution LV2 in accordance with the scattering function PSF.
    In this case, the modified light distribution LV2 has the essentially same distribution shape as the unmodified light distribution LV1 and likewise has a light-dark boundary HD2, which, however, has a smaller gradient, as is the result of the greater distance of the isolux lines in the region of The cut-off line is schematically indicated. The light-dark boundary HD2 is thus "softer".
    Furthermore, it can still be seen in FIG. 8 that a region LV2 'above the cut-off line HD2 is also illuminated with a certain illuminance in order to generate a design light.
    A lighting device thus produces - without optical structure - in the example shown a low-beam distribution LV1 with a light-dark boundary HD1 with a certain sharpness, described by the so-called "gradient". By providing an optical structure 100, this - unmodified - light distribution LV1 is modified such that the sharpness of the cut-off line is reduced, so that it meets the legal requirements and is perceived as pleasant by the human eye.
    In addition, in the described embodiment, a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device 1 is imaged into a region LV2 'above the cut-off boundary HD2. In this way, with the optical structure 100 according to the invention, a signal light described in the introduction can be generated optimally by, for example, each optical structure element deflecting a small proportion of the luminous flux passing through the structure element into a corresponding region.
    In the specific embodiment as shown, the luminous flux deflected by the optical structure lies in a range LV2 'between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °, above the HH line.
    In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that 0.5% -1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device 1 is deflected by the optical structure into a region LV2 'above the light-dark boundary HD2.
    Looking at Figures 8a and 8b, these show the individual spots of light as shown in Figures 7a and 7b, modified by an inventive optical structure 100 for gradient softening and simultaneous generation of a signlight. As can be seen, the individual light spots - at least in the region of the cut-off line - are smeared (softening); at the same time, a (small) part of the luminous flux, which non-ophthalmic structure is shown as the light spots, as in FIGS. 7a and 7b contributes deflected into an area above these light spots to form a signlight.
    FIG. 9 again shows, by way of example, the already known lens 5, which has on its outer side an optical structure 100 which consists of individual structural elements 110. A single structural element 110 with a diameter d and a height h is also schematically shown in FIG shown.
    Returning again to FIG. 9, it can be seen that in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the structural elements 110 have a circular cross-section at their base. In the case of a curved defined surface on which the structural elements are arranged, the projection of the base-that is, the surface occupied by a structural element on the defined surface-is viewed in a plane.
    Structural elements are thus preferably substantially rotationally symmetric, but may vary in deformation depending on the application, i. Have deviations from this rotationally symmetric structure, these deformations may be large area, but are usually locally formed.
    The structural elements 110 are arranged on the lattice points 201 of a hexagonal lattice 200 (see FIG. 10). FIG. 11 shows how a structural element 110 with a circular base sits on each grid point 201 of the grid structure 200.
    In the embodiment shown, in which the grid structure forms a hexagonal grid 200, a surface fill of the defined area of approximately 87% of the defined area with structural elements 110 can be achieved; approximately 13% unmodified area 111 (see Figure 12) are not covered by a structural element ,
    An optical structure described above having optical structure elements with a circular base in a hexagonal lattice is particularly well suited to the case of gradient softening of the HD line of a low-beam light distribution explained with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, possibly together with the generation of a Sign Lights.
    When used in the context of segmented light distributions, in particular those with a quadrangular shape, such optical structure elements described above are often not optimal, as will be explained below.
    FIG. 13 once again shows the hexagonal arrangement of the microstructures (optical structure elements) 110 already described above, wherein the microstructures 110 have a circular base. Between the microstructures 110, as also shown in FIG. 12, there are unstructured locations 111, ie unmodified areas (for example a lens surface). While the microstructures 110 with a circular base provide for a circular scattering function SF110, see FIG. 13 right, light scattering (ie a light beam) into a circular area (when projecting into a plane), the unmodified area 111 does not scatter The point of an object (ie, a light source, for example) becomes "ideal". Shown as point SF111. The scattering pattern of an optical structure of FIG. 13 thus has a maximum in its center.
    However, the unaltered regions 111 of the (lens) surface thus lead to an ideal imaging of the object and thus to sharply demarcated light to be imaged.
    Segments to sharp segment boundaries, i. using such an optical structure, the sharp segment boundaries still remain.
    FIG. 14 shows in its left-hand region a schematic light distribution LV1, which is formed from a plurality of light segments LSI. The light segments LSI are rectangular in this example, have sharp boundary sides, and adjacent light segments are slightly spaced from each other.
    If this light distribution LV1 is formed via an optical structure as shown in FIG. 13, a light distribution LV2 results, as shown in FIG. 14, on the right. On the one hand, as described on the basis of FIG. 13, the boundary sides of the light segments are still sharply imaged, albeit attenuated, compared to the original light distribution LV1, on the other hand it is noticeable that the circular base of the microstructures 111 (and thus a circular scattering function PSF ) the illumination of the corner areas zwi¬ the light segments is difficult.
    Thus, with a circular-based circular scattering function or microstructure elements 110, the disadvantageous lattice effect, i. Dark stripes between the light segments, as can be clearly seen in Figure 14, left image, be mitigated, but the result is not optimal.
    FIG. 15 shows a defined surface 111, for example the plane inside or outside of a pane, or the light entry or light exit surface of a lens. In the case of a curved surface of a lens, the surface 111 represents a projection of this curved surface into a plane, preferably into a plane normal to the optical axis of the lens.
    The surface 111 is (conceptually) subdivided into a grid 200, which has a square structure in the shown preferred case. Each surface 202 between four corner points 201 is completely covered by the base surface of exactly one optical structural element 110, and each light-scattering structural element 110 thus has a square base surface.
    The square footprint of the optical features is bounded by even sides, i. two adjacent corner points of the base of an optical Strukturelemen¬tes are each connected to a straight side, this statement refers to a planar grid.
    Essence of the present invention is that in that the lattice is quadrangular and the footprint of the structural element occupies the entire area of a lattice cell, the entire surface of the "basic structure" of the lattice cell is defined. can be used for the modification of the light distribution. In a hexagonal lattice with circular structural elements, where also already a very high surface filling of about 90% is achieved with the structural elements, nevertheless a small proportion of the base area of about 10% remains unmodifi ed and does not contribute to the modification of the light image.
    An applicant's co-pending patent application describes an optical structure mentioned at the outset, which is formed from optical structure elements which have a circular base and are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. With such a hexagonal arrangement, about 91% of this area can be covered with structural elements on the curved interface of a lens, and about 9% of the lens surface remains uncovered. When imaging sharply limited light segments with such a lens, e.g. With rectangular light segments, these uncovered areas of the lens surface lead to sharp imaging of the edges of the light segments and thus to inhomogeneities in the light image.
    With the present arrangement, in which the lens surface is 100% covered with the structural elements, a homogeneous light image can be generated even with sharply delimited light segments, which are imaged with the lens in an area in front of the vehicle, as will be explained.
    Due to the quadrangular shape of the base surface of the structural elements, which preferably correspond in symmetry to the symmetry of the light segments, the corner regions between four light segments can be optimally illuminated, which is not possible with structural elements having a circular base.
    In accordance with the symmetry of the light segments LSI (see FIG. 14) to be modified with the optical structure, it is thus provided in the illustrated embodiment of the invention that the base area of each optical structure element 110 has the shape of a square 202.
    A specific embodiment of a structural element 110 will be discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 16-19. The grid 200 is completely filled with such structural elements, with all the structural elements 111 being identically formed and aligned when the planar surface 111 is planar.
    As can be seen in FIGS. 16-19, the optical structure element 110 has at its center a central elevation 110a with a circular base. In order to be able to achieve complete coverage of a square 202, it is provided that the base 110a 'of the central elevation 110a extends to the four boundary sides 203 of the quadrangular base surface 202 of the structural element 110.
    Preferably, the central elevation 110a has a continuous course over its entire surface.
    The central elevation 110a has its maximum distance to the base area in the geometrical center of its base area, thus reaching its maximum height in the geometric center of the square 202.
    Their minimum distance to the base 111/202 has the central elevation 110a at their circumference, which in the embodiment shown > 0 is.
    In the corner regions, the structural element 110 has a corner region elevation 110b. This corner region elevation 110b is formed by a side surface of a pyramidal elevations 111b.
    The pyramid-like elevations make it possible to "install" a circular microstructure, ie a microstructure (optical structural element) with a circular base, into a rectangular, in particular square grid, and thus 100% coverage of the defined area on which the optical surface Structure is arranged to reach.
    Pyramidal protrusions 111b sit at all vertices 201 of the grating 200, and the four side surfaces 110b of the structural elements lying at a lattice point thus collectively form the pyramidal protrusion. A pyramidal elevation 111b is bounded by four corner points symmetrically arranged around the lattice point 201. These corner points each lie on a boundary side of a structural element 111 participating in the elevation 111b, the corner points lying exactly in the half of these boundary sides 203 in the example shown.
    Adjacent vertices of the pyramidal elevation are interconnected by curved, insbeson¬dere inwardly curved or inwardly bent boundary sides.
    The peaks IIIb 'of the pyramidal projections 111b are located exactly above a grid point 201 of the grid 200, as shown.
    The optical structural element 110 shown is symmetrical, in particular mirror-symmetrical, with respect to its diagonal A-A.
    Furthermore, it can be seen that in a section through the pyramidal elevation llb along a plane normal to the base 202 along the diagonal A-A, the corner region elevations 110b have a substantially linear slope up to their peak IIIb '(Figure 18).
    In addition, it can be provided that in a section B-B by a pyramidal elevation lb along a plane normal to the base 202 along a boundary side 203, the corner elevations 110b have a substantially concave course (FIG. 19).
    It is preferably provided that the central elevation 110a and the corner region elevations 110b continuously merge into one another. In this way, the optical structures can be produced much easier, since continuous surfaces are much easier to mold, such as in an injection molding process, as non-continuous surfaces. The transition is preferably CO-continuous.
    Figure 20 shows schematically the "effects". As in Figure 13, the circular structure 110a (similar to the microstructure 110 in Figure 13) produces a circular spread SFllOa of a light beam. However, while in Figure 13 the unmodified region 111 is " ideal " As shown in FIG. 20, when the structure of FIG. 20 shows the area of light passing through the area 111, the area outside the circular structure 110a is provided with the structure 110b as described above, resulting in a dispersion of the transmitted light into the " corner " SFllOb, so that no "ideal image" of a light beam without scattering occurs, but light is partially scattered as shown.
    Specifically, it is provided that a modified light distribution LV2 is formed by folding an unmodified light distribution LV1 with a scattering function PSF, and wherein the optical structure 100 is designed such that the unmodified light distribution LV1 is modified in accordance with the scattering function.
    An optical scattering element with an angular, in particular a quadrangular, preferably a square base surface realizes an angular, in particular square, preferably square scattering function (see FIG. 20), with the advantages described in particular for segmented, angular, in particular quadrangular, preferably square, light segments.
    Thus, according to the invention, the entire optical structure is considered, and this is accordingly modified or shaped via a scattering function such that the completely desired desired light image results. Unlike in the prior art, according to the present invention, the desired (modified) light distribution is realized starting from an unmodified light distribution generated by the lighting device without optical structure, by folding the unmodified light distribution with such a scattering function as to give the desired light distribution, and the optical structure in its entirety is then shaped such that it modifies the total luminous flux of the illumination device in such a way that a light distribution which is modified in accordance with the scattering function results from the unmodified light distribution.
    In this case, it is provided that the structural elements 110 are distributed over at least one, preferably precisely defined surface 111 of at least one, preferably exactly one optical element 5, 6, wherein it is particularly advantageous if the optical structural elements 110 are designed so that each structural element 110 that through the Structural element 110 modified light bundles according to the scattering function PSF to a modified light beam LB2 modified.
    Considering a particular (unmodified) light beam from the entire luminous flux, this forms a certain contribution to the light distribution in the light image (the total luminous flux generates the (total) light distribution). A structural element then modifies a light beam passing through the structural element such that the unmodified contribution is changed to the total light distribution corresponding to the scattering function. For example, the unmodified light beam produces a light distribution contribution having a certain shape, i. certain areas are illuminated on the lane or on a screen, other areas are unlit. Due to the structure element, areas outside the originally illuminated area are now also illuminated with a specific intensity in accordance with the scattering function, while the intensity is reduced at least in parts of the area originally illuminated by the unmodified light bundle after the total luminous flux remains constant.
    FIG. 21 once again shows an unmodified light distribution in the left-hand image as already shown in FIG. 14 (left-hand image). Thus, with an optical structure according to the invention as described above, a significantly better scattering can be achieved than with a circular microstructure (see FIG. 14), the lattice structure from FIG. 14 (right image) is not in FIG. 21 (right image) or only in one more disturbing and lawful extent recognizable.
    As can be seen in FIG. 21, adjacent individual light distributions LSI have a distance d1 in the horizontal direction, with all distances d1 being identical. Further, adjacent distributions LSI have distances d2 in the vertical direction, with all vertical distances being identical. Preferably, furthermore, dl = d2.
    The distributions or light segments LSI typically have, but are not limited to, a width and / or a height of about 1 °. In the case of rectangular light segments, these usually have a (slightly) greater extent in the vertical height than in the horizontal direction.
    Due to the distance of the light segments LSI dark columns form in the light image. The width of these gaps (corresponding to the distances d1, d2) is typically less than or equal to 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °, typically less than or equal to 0.2 ° or less or equal to 0.1 °. A typical range for the width dl, d2 of the columns is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.
    The light intensity is substantially identical in all the individual light distributions LSI, and advantageously the intensity in the individual light distributions LSI is essentially homogeneous over the entire surface of the single light distribution, as is indicated schematically in FIG. 21, on the left side.
    Due to the optical structure, a part of the luminous flux which generates without optical structure only a single light distribution (LSI) into which these individual light distribution (LSI) framing column areas, which result from the spacing of the individual light distributions (LSI) to each other, distracted.
    The dark edge regions around the individual light distributions are thus illuminated exclusively with light from individual light distributions adjacent to these edge regions, so that when single individual light distributions are switched off, the switched off regions in the overall light image still appear to be dark and not "out" by stray light. other individual light distributions are illuminated.
    FIG. 22 schematically shows the course of the light intensity in the case of an unmodified light image. In the light segments LSI, the light intensity I is constant at a value I = II, in the columns the intensity is 1 = 0.
    With the optical structure, a part of that luminous flux which exactly forms a Lichtseg¬ment LSI, scattered in the adjacent edges. Thereby, the intensity in the modified light segments LSI 'decreases to a value II' (the shape of the segments LSI 'still corresponds to the unmodified light segments LSI), however, a part of the light for the original segment LSI is scattered into the adjacent edges. The amount of light scattered is selected in this way via the optical structure (or the optical structure is designed accordingly) such that in a gap as shown in FIG. 22, right side, the intensity of I = 11 'is at the edge of the considered light segment LSI' and then decreases linearly to the value 1 = 0, where 1 = 0 is reached at the edge of the adjacent light segment LSI '. In this way, a total intensity in the gap of I = II 'can be achieved (Figure 22), as the intensities of the scattered light from the two adjacent light segments add up.
    With square structural elements 110, it is therefore possible to realize a rectangular scattering function (as shown in FIGS. 20, 21), by means of which the gaps and, in particular, also the "crossing areas" (FIG. can be optimally illuminated by four adjacent light segments in order to increase the homogeneity of the light image.
    Because there are no unmodified areas, the entire luminous flux passing through a structural element 110 undergoes scattering to some extent, so that, in addition, the sharp edge is no longer imaged completely sharply but softened.
    Due to the fact that the entire base area of optical structural elements is occupied as a result of the 100% surface filling, the boundary edges are no longer imaged absolutely sharp. In addition, with the pyramid-like elevations, the area between four adjacent light segments can be optimally illuminated, so that homogeneous distribution of light results in all areas between the light segments. When one (or more) light segments (s) are switched off, the hidden area is sufficiently sharp, but with a blurred boundary side is displayed so that it is not disturbing.
    In general, it is advantageous if the dimension of a structural element 110, in the case shown, thus the length of the diagonal or a side length of the quadrilateral and / or the height (that is the maximum normal distance of the surface of the Strukturele¬mentes of the defined area ) of the structural element 110, is larger, in particular much larger than the wavelength of visible light, so that diffraction effects can be avoided.
    Specifically, the height of the structural elements 110 is in the μιη range.
    For example, the height of the structural elements 110 is in the range of 0.5 - 5 pm, wherein preferably the height h of the structural elements HO is in the range of 1-3 μητ.
    In a specific embodiment, the height of the structural elements HO is approximately 2.7 μηχ
    Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, e.g. in variants having the heights described above, it is provided that the length of the diagonal or the length of the sides of the base surface of the structural elements HO is in the millimeter range.
    For example, the length of the diagonal or the length of the sides of the structural elements HO is between 0.5 and 2 mm, wherein preferably the length of the diagonal or the length of the sides of the structural elements HO is approximately 1 mm.
    In an exemplary embodiment of a lens on which the structural members are arranged, the diameter of the lens is 90 mm.
    It is particularly advantageous if the optical structural elements HO are embodied in such a way that each structural element HO modifies the light bundle through which the respective structural element HO penetrates in accordance with the scattering function PSF to form a modified light bundle.
    Considering a particular (unmodified) light beam from the entire luminous flux, this forms a certain contribution to the light distribution in the light image (the total luminous flux generates the (total) light distribution). A structural element now modifies a light beam passing through the structural element such that the unmodified contribution is changed to the total light distribution corresponding to the scattering function. For example, the unmodified light beam produces a light distribution contribution having a certain shape, i. certain areas are illuminated on the lane or on a screen, other areas are unlit. Due to the structural element HO, areas outside the originally illuminated area are now illuminated with a specific intensity in accordance with the scattering function PSF, while - after the
    Total luminous flux remains constant - the intensity is reduced at least in parts of the area originally illuminated with the unmodified light beam.
    As mentioned in connection with FIG. 9, it is advantageous if the entire defined area 5a is covered with the optical structure elements 110.
    Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if all structural elements 110 are formed substantially identical. Each structural element then modifies the luminous flux through which it passes in an identical manner as all the other structural elements. "Essentially " identical here means that in the case of a flat surface on which the structural elements are arranged, they are actually formed identically.
    In the case of curved surfaces, as in the case of a light exit surface 5a of a lens 5, the structural elements are each identically formed in their central area, while the margins of different structural elements may differ (slightly) from one another due to the curvature of the surface.
    In a concrete embodiment, it is accordingly provided that all structural elements 110 are identical in relation to a flat or imaginary surface 111.
    Accordingly, the structural elements are calculated for a flat surface; If these as-yet-identical, identical structural elements-with identical orientation-are placed on a curved surface, for example, of a lens, then, as already mentioned above, the structural elements are still identically formed in their central region; However, in the transition regions to the original lens surface to which the structural elements are applied, the structural elements have a different shape depending on the position on the lens surface due to the curvature of the lens surface, but with little or no effect on the light distribution due to the small size of the structural elements
    Furthermore, it is advantageous if all structural elements 110 are aligned identically.
    For a flat defined area this requires no further explanation. For curved surfaces (example: lens), the structural elements are identically arranged along axes through the surface, which axes are all parallel to an axis of symmetry or to an optical axis of the surface (and not normal to the surface normal).
    This has particular manufacturing advantages, since the optical structure and the tool for producing the structure can be easily removed in this way, which can not form undercuts on the optical structure.
    Optimally, an inventive optical structure or a modified Lichtbildzeugen if the scattering function PSF is a point-spread function.
    Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the symmetry of a structural element depends on the symmetry of the scattering function PSF. The structural element has i.A. the same symmetry class as the PSF. For example, if the PSF is horizontally mirror-symmetrical, then the structural element also has a horizontal mirror symmetry.
    The complete microstructuring of the lens surface is basically an advantage for all applications of the microstructure (e.g., xenon and LED projection systems, segmented light distribution imaged via lenses or other light-shaping bodies, ....).
    The property of the square scattering function represents a considerable improvement, in particular for segmented light distributions, otherwise the boundaries of quadratic / rectangular segments would have to be shifted in such a way that all gaps, even in the corners, are closed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (69)
    [1]
    1. Optical structure (100) for a lighting device (1) of a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting device (1) is set up to emit light, which light emitted by the lighting device (1) forms a predetermined light distribution (LV1) in that the optical structure (100) is assigned to the illumination device (1) in such a way or is part of the illumination device (1) that the optical structure (100) is irradiated by essentially the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1), and wherein the optical structure (100) consists of a multiplicity of optical structural elements (110), which structural elements (110) have a light-scattering effect, and which optical structural elements (100) are formed in such a way - generated by the illumination device (1) , unmodified light distribution (LV1) -from the optical structure (100) to a predefinable, modifizie Light distribution (LV2) is modified, and wherein the optical structure elements (110) aufwei¬sen a quadrangular base (202), ie, that the surface (202) between the vertices (201) of a quadrangular grid (200) completely from the base is covered by exactly one optical structure element (110).
    [2]
    2. Optical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified light distribution (LV2) is formed by convolution of the unmodified light distribution (LV1) with a scatter function (PSF), and wherein the optical structure (100) is designed such that the unmodified light distribution ( LV1) is modified according to the scattering function.
    [3]
    3. Optical structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structural elements (110) are distributed over at least one, preferably exactly one defined surface (111) of at least one, preferably exactly one optical element (5, 6).
    [4]
    4. An optical structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the opti¬schen structural elements (110) are formed such that each structural element (110) passing through the structural element (110) light bundles (LB1) according to the scattering function (PSF ) to a modified light beam (LB2).
    [5]
    The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base of the optical structure elements (110) is each formed by a rectangle.
    [6]
    The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the base of the optical structure elements (110) is each formed by a square (202).
    [7]
    An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the optical structure elements (110) have at their center a central projection (110a) with a preferably circular base.
    [8]
    An optical structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the base of the central projection (110a) extends to the four boundary sides (203) of the quadrangular base (202).
    [9]
    9. Optical structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the center elevation (110a) has a continuous course over its entire surface.
    [10]
    Optical structure according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the central projection (110a) has its maximum distance to the base at the geometric center of its base.
    [11]
    11. Optical structure according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the central elevation (110a) has its minimum distance from the base surface at its circumference.
    [12]
    The optical structure according to claim 11, characterized in that the minimum distance of the circumference of the circle from the base is zero.
    [13]
    13. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the structural elements (110) aufwei¬sen in their corner regions a corner region elevation (110b), each formed by a side surface of a pyramid-like elevations (111b).
    [14]
    The optical structure according to claim 13, characterized in that all the structural elements (110) located at a corner point (201) of the lattice contribute to the pyramidal projection (111b).
    [15]
    An optical structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the tip (111b ') of a pyramidal projection (111b) lies exactly above a lattice point (201) of the grating (200).
    [16]
    16. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the optical structure elements (110) are formed in each case with respect to their diagonal symmetrical, in particular mirror-symmetrical.
    [17]
    17. Optical structure according to claim 13, characterized in that in a section through a pyramidal elevation (111b) along a plane normal to the base area (202) along a diagonal (AA), the corner elevations (110b) have a Have substantially linear increase.
    [18]
    18. Optical structure according to claim 13, characterized in that in a section through a pyramidal elevation (111b) along a plane normal to the base area (202) along a boundary side (203), the corner elevations (110b) have a Have substantially concave.
    [19]
    An optical structure according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the central projection (110a) and the corner region projections (110b) merge into each other continuously.
    [20]
    20. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized dasssie on at least one, preferably exactly one interface of an optical element which in the form of a lens (6) or in the form of a cover (6) of the lighting device (1) is formed, is arranged.
    [21]
    21. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is arranged on at least one surface of an optical element in the form of a lens (5), in particular a projection lens of the lighting device (1).
    [22]
    The optical structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the optical structure is disposed on the light exit side (5a) of the lens (5).
    [23]
    23. Optical structure according to claim 20, wherein the structural elements of the optical structure are distributed over the entire at least one boundary surface of an optical element.
    [24]
    24. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that all structural elements (110) are formed substantially identical.
    [25]
    25. Optical structure according to claim 24, characterized in that all the structural elements (110) are formed identically with respect to a plane surface or plane (111).
    [26]
    Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that all the structural elements (110) are identically aligned.
    [27]
    Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the scattering function (PSF) is a point-spread function.
    [28]
    Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the dimension of a structural element (110), for example a diameter (d) and / or a height (h) of the structural element (HO), is greater, in particular much greater than the wavelength of visible light is.
    [29]
    Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the gm range.
    [30]
    30. An optical structure according to claim 29, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the range of 0.5-5 μιη.
    [31]
    31. An optical structure according to claim 30, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the range of 1-3 gm.
    [32]
    32. An optical structure according to claim 31, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is about 2.7 μιη.
    [33]
    33. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) in the millimeter range.
    [34]
    34. Optical structure according to claim 33, characterized in that the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) is between 0.5 and 2 mm.
    [35]
    35. An optical structure according to any one of claim 34, characterized in that the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) is about 1 mm.
    [36]
    36. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the defined surface (111) on which the structural elements (110) are distributed is subdivided into an imaginary - preferably regular grating structure (200), and wherein the structural elements at the grid points (201) or between the grid points (201) of the grid structure (200).
    [37]
    37. An optical structure according to claim 36, characterized in that at each grid point (201) or between the grid points (201) of the grid structure (200) each precisely a structural element (110) is arranged.
    [38]
    38. An optical structure according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that adjoining structural elements (110) merge into one another, i. contacting each other or the structural elements (110) are isolated from each other, i. e. are not arranged berühr¬rend each other.
    [39]
    39. Optical structure according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that adjacent grid points (201) have a distance of about 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably of about 1 mm to each other.
    [40]
    40. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that the transition of the structural elements (110) to the defined surface (111) is continuous, preferably C2-continuous.
    [41]
    41. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 40 for an illumination device (1), which illumination device (1) is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular a low-beam light distribution wherein the dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular the dimming light distribution, has a light-dark boundary (HD1), characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110), is / are designed in such a way, that the gradient of the light-dark boundary (HD1) of the - unmodified - light distribution (LV1) of the lighting device (1) is reduced.
    [42]
    42. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 41 for a lighting device (1), which lighting device (1) is adapted to emit the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular a Abblendlichtvertei¬lung, the Dimmed light distribution, in particular the Abblendlicht- distribution a bright-dark boundary (HD1), characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110) is / are formed or the scattering function is configured such that a Proportion of the luminous flux of the illumination device (1) in a range (LV2 ') above the cut-off line (HD1, HD2) is mapped.
    [43]
    43. Optical structure according to claim 42, characterized in that the deflected luminous flux is in a range (LV2 ') between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 ° above the HH line.
    [44]
    44. Optical structure according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that vonca. 1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is deflected into a region (LV2 ') above the light-dark boundary (HD1, HD2).
    [45]
    45. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 40 for an illumination device (1), which illumination device (1) is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of n-rows and m-columns imaged individual light distributions (LSI) where n > 1, m > 1 or n> 1, m > 1, and which individual light distributions (LSI) together form an overall light distribution (LV1), for example a high-beam distribution, characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110), is / are designed in this way in that at least part of the luminous flux of the lighting device (1) is deflected into the boundary regions in which two individual light distributions adjoin one another.
    [46]
    46. An optical structure according to claim 45, characterized in that adjacent single-light distributions (LSI) of the unmodified light distribution (LV1) have a defined spacing (d1, d2) relative to each other.
    [47]
    47. Optical structure according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that the individual light distributions (LSI) of the unmodified light distribution (LV1), in particular when projected onto a vertical plane, have a rectangular or square shape.
    [48]
    48. An optical structure according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that all distances (dl) between adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) in the horizontal direction are identical.
    [49]
    49. Optical structure according to one of claims 46 to 48, characterized in that all the distances (d2) between adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) in the vertical direction are identical.
    [50]
    50. Optical structure according to one of claims 46 to 49, characterized in that the individual light distributions (LSI) have a width and / or a height of about 1 °.
    [51]
    51. Optical structure according to one of claims 46 to 50, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °.
    [52]
    52. An optical structure according to claim 51, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.2 °.
    [53]
    53. An optical structure according to claim 51 or 52, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.
    [54]
    54. Optical structure according to one of claims 51 to 53, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.1 °.
    [55]
    55. Optical structure according to one of claims 45 to 54, characterized in that the average light intensity in a gap between two individual light distributions (LSI), generated with the luminous flux, which is tuned for a single light distribution, half the average Light intensity in an adjacent single light distribution (LSI) corresponds to the modified light distribution.
    [56]
    56. An optical structure according to any one of claims 45 to 55, characterized in that by the optical structure of a part of that luminous flux, which generates without optical structure only a single light distribution (LSI), in the this individual light distribution (LSI) framing column areas, which are due to the spacing of the individual light distributions (LSI) to each other, is deflected.
    [57]
    An optical structure according to claim 56, characterized in that, starting from a considered single light distribution (LSI), the light intensity in an adjacent gap decreases in the direction of the adjacent single light distribution (LSI), the decrease being preferably linear.
    [58]
    58. An optical structure according to claim 56 or 57, characterized in that the light intensity decreases to zero.
    [59]
    59. An optical structure according to any one of claims 56 to 58, characterized in that the light intensity in a gap, immediately adjacent to the edge of the considered individual light distribution (LSI), substantially the light intensity of the single light distribution (LSI) of the modified light distribution corresponds at its edge or the average Lichtin¬tensität in the single light distribution (LSI) of the modified light distribution.
    [60]
    60. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 59, characterized in that it is arranged and / or designed such that substantially the entire, preferably the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is incident on the optical structure (100). incident.
    [61]
    61. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 60, characterized in that it is arranged and / or formed such that it is substantially homogeneously illuminated.
    [62]
    62. Lighting device with at least one, preferably exactly one optical structure (100) according to one of claims 1 to 61.
    [63]
    63. Lighting device according to claim 62, characterized in that the lighting device (1) is a projection system.
    [64]
    64. Lighting device according to claim 63, characterized in that the illumination device (1) comprises at least one light source (3), at least one reflector (2) and at least one lens (5), in particular a projection lens.
    [65]
    65. Lighting device according to claim 64, characterized in that the at least one optical structure (100) is arranged on the lens (5) and / or an additional cover or diffuser.
    [66]
    66. Lighting device according to claim 62, characterized in that the lighting device (1) is a reflection system.
    [67]
    67. Lighting device according to claim 66, characterized in that it comprises at least one free-form reflector (2) and at least one light source (3) and at least one diffusing screen (6) and / or at least one cover disc (6).
    [68]
    68. Lighting device according to claim 67, characterized in that the at least one optical structure (100) is arranged on the at least one diffusing screen (6) and / or the at least one cover disc (6) and / or an additional covering or scattering disc.
    [69]
    69. A vehicle headlamp with at least one lighting device according to one of claims 62 to 68.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN105659025B|2018-02-06|
    EP3042119A1|2016-07-13|
    EP3042119B1|2017-11-15|
    CN105659025A|2016-06-08|
    AT514785B1|2021-11-15|
    WO2015031925A1|2015-03-12|
    JP2016534520A|2016-11-04|
    US10132462B2|2018-11-20|
    US20160201867A1|2016-07-14|
    JP6259101B2|2018-01-10|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50543/2013A|AT514785B1|2013-09-03|2013-09-03|Optical structure with a microstructure with a quadratic scatter function|ATA50543/2013A| AT514785B1|2013-09-03|2013-09-03|Optical structure with a microstructure with a quadratic scatter function|
    CN201480059903.5A| CN105659025B|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical texture with the micro-structural with square scattering function|
    EP14777489.7A| EP3042119B1|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure having a microstructure with a quadratic diffusion function|
    PCT/AT2014/050190| WO2015031925A1|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure having a microstructure with a quadratic diffusion function|
    JP2016539358A| JP6259101B2|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure having microstructure with square scattering function|
    US14/916,499| US10132462B2|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure having a microstructure with a quadratic diffusion function|
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